
The Hidden Bias in Color Scales
How Heatmaps Quietly Distort Perception, and Decision-Making Color is not cosmetic in data visualization. It is a cognitive encoding system. When that system is poorly designed, it does not merely reduce clarity. It alters interpretation, sometimes materially. Heatmaps are widely used in epidemiology, financial dashboards, climate science, urban analytics, and medical imaging. They compress multidimensional information into color gradients that appear quantitative and precise.










